Ripple Effect 180 Group

Nf En 13670 Pdf Download BEST

LINK ->>> https://shoxet.com/2tiW6s

DRAFTFOR DEVELOPMENT DD ENV13670-1:2000ICS 91.080.40NO COPYING WITHOUTBSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWExecution ofconcretestructures Part 1: CommonLicensed Copy: London South BankUniversity, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIThis Draft for Development,havingbeen prepared under thedirection of the SectorCommittee forBuilding and CivilEngineering, was published underthe authority ofthe StandardsCommittee and comes into effecton 15 June 2000 BSI06-2000ISBN 0 580 34934 9DD ENV 13670-1:2000Amendments issued sincepublicationAmd. No. Date CommentsNational forewordThis Draft forDevelopment is the official English language version ofENV13670-1:2000. It results from a programme of work undertaken by CENtomake available a common set of standards for execution ofconcrete structures.This publication is not to be regarded as aBritish Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Developmentseries of publications and is of aprovisional nature. It should beapplied on this provisional basis, so that informationandexperience of its practical application mat be obtained.Commentsarising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested sothatUK experience can be reported to the European organizationresponsible for itsconversion into a European Standard. A review ofthis publication will be initiated2 years after its publication bythe European organization so that a decision can betaken on itsstatus at the end of its three-year life. The commencement of thereviewperiod will be notified by an announcement in UpdateStandards.According to the replies received by the end of thereview period, the responsibleBSI Committee will decide whether tosupport the conversion into a EuropeanStandard, to extend the lifeof the prestandard or to withdraw it. Comments shouldbe sent inwriting to the Secretary of BSI Subcommittee B/525/2, Structuraluse ofconcrete, at 389 Chiswick High Road, London. W4 4AL, givingthe documentreference and clause number and proposing, wherepossible, an appropriaterevision of the text.A list oforganizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest toits secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards whichimplement international or European publicationsreferred to in thisdocument may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue underthesection entitled International Standards Correspondence Index,or by using theFind facility of the BSI Standards ElectronicCatalogue.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, aninside front cover, the EN title page,pages 2 to 60, an inside backcover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in thisdocument indicates when the documentwas last issued.Licensed Copy:London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEUROPEANPRESTANDARDPRNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE VORNORMENV 13670-1January2000ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.40English versionExecution of concretestructures - Part 1: CommonThis European Prestandard (ENV) wasapproved by CEN on 27 November 1999 as a prospective standard forprovisional application.The period of validity of this ENV islimited initially to three years. After two years the members ofCEN will be requested to submit theircomments, particularly on thequestion whether the ENV can be converted into a EuropeanStandard.CEN members are required to announce the existence of thisENV in the same way as for an EN and to make the ENV availablepromptlyat national level in an appropriate form. It is permissibleto keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to theENV) until the finaldecision about the possible conversion of theENV into an EN is reached.CEN members are the national standardsbodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland andUnited Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMI T EUROPENDE NORMALI SATI ONEUROPI SCHES KOMI TEE FR NORMUNGCentralSecretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2000 CEN Allrights of exploitation in any form and by any meansreservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. ENV13670-1:2000 ELicensed Copy: London South Bank University, LondonSouth Bank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, UncontrolledCopy, (c) BSIPage 2ENV13670-1:2000ContensForeword.......................................................................................................................................................4Introduction..................................................................................................................................................51Scope.....................................................................................................................................................52 References.............................................................................................................................................62.1 Normative references.....................................................................................................................62.2 Informative references...................................................................................................................63Definitions.............................................................................................................................................74 Documentation......................................................................................................................................94.1 Projectspecification.......................................................................................................................94.2 Executiondocumentation...............................................................................................................95 Falsework andformwork.......................................................................................................................95.1 Basicrequirements.........................................................................................................................95.2Materials.......................................................................................................................................105.3Falsework.....................................................................................................................................105.4Formwork.....................................................................................................................................105.5 Specialformwork.........................................................................................................................105.6 Surface finish...............................................................................................................................115.7 Inserts in formwork and embeddedcomponents..........................................................................115.8 Removal of formwork and falsework..........................................................................................116 Reinforcement.....................................................................................................................................126.1 General.........................................................................................................................................126.2Materials.......................................................................................................................................126.3 Bending, cutting, transport and storage of the reinforcement...................................................... 126.4Welding........................................................................................................................................126.5 Joints............................................................................................................................................136.6 Assembly and placing of thereinforcement.................................................................................137Prestressing..........................................................................................................................................137.1 General.........................................................................................................................................137.2 Materials forprestressing.............................................................................................................137.3 Transport and Storage..................................................................................................................147.4 Fabrication oftendons..................................................................................................................147.5 Placing of the tendons..................................................................................................................157.6Tensioning....................................................................................................................................157.7 Protective measures (grouting, greasing, concreting ).................................................................168Concreting...........................................................................................................................................178.1 Specification ofconcrete..............................................................................................................178.2 Delivery, reception and site transport of freshconcrete...............................................................178.3 Pre-concretingoperations.............................................................................................................178.4 Placing and compaction...............................................................................................................188.5 Curing andprotection...................................................................................................................188.6 Post-concretingoperations...........................................................................................................198.7 Special executionmethods...........................................................................................................198.8 Concreting of compositestructures..............................................................................................199 Execution with precast concrete elements and site manufacturedcomponents .................................. 199.1 General.........................................................................................................................................199.2 Factory produced precast elements..............................................................................................209.3 Site manufactured components....................................................................................................20Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South BankUniversity, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c)BSIPage 3ENV 13670-1:20009.4 Handling and storage....................................................................................................................209.5Placing and adjustment.................................................................................................................209.6Jointing and completion works.....................................................................................................2110Geometricaltolerances.........................................................................................................................2110.1General..........................................................................................................................................2110.2Referencesystem..........................................................................................................................2210.3Base supports(foundations)..........................................................................................................2210.4Columns andwalls........................................................................................................................2310.5Beams andslabs............................................................................................................................2410.6Sections.........................................................................................................................................2510.7Surfaces and edgestraightness......................................................................................................2610.8Tolerances for holes andinserts....................................................................................................2611Inspection.............................................................................................................................................2611.1Inspectionclasses..........................................................................................................................2611.2Inspection of materials and products............................................................................................2711.3Scope for inspection ofexecution.................................................................................................2711.4Inspection of falsework and formwork.........................................................................................2811.5Inspection of reinforcement..........................................................................................................2911.6Inspection ofprestressing..............................................................................................................2911.7Inspection of the concreting operations........................................................................................3011.8Inspection of precast concreteelements........................................................................................3111.9Action in the event of anon-conformity.......................................................................................31AnnexA (informative): Guidance on documentation.................................................................................32AnnexB (informative) : Guidance on falsework andformwork.................................................................37AnnexC (informative): Guidance rules on reinforcement..........................................................................38AnnexD (informative): Guidance onprestressing......................................................................................40AnnexE (informative): Guidance on concreting........................................................................................42AnnexF (informative): Guidance on geometricaltolerances......................................................................45AnnexG (informative): Guidance on inspection........................................................................................50LicensedCopy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University,Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 4ENV13670-1:2000ForewordThis European Prestandard has been prepared byTechnical Committee CEN/TC 104 "Concrete(performance, production,placing and compliance criteria)", the secretariat of which is heldby DIN.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, thenational standards organizations of thefollowing countries arebound to announce this European Prestandard: Austria, Belgium,Czech Republic,Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland,Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway,Portugal, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.Because of the closeconnection between design rules and rules for execution, CEN/TC104/SC 2 hasdeveloped this prestandard in conjunction with CEN/TC250/SC 2.This prestandard supersedes the execution and toleranceclauses in ENV 1992-1 Eurocode 2: Design ofconcrete structures andthe execution rules in prEN 206:1997: Concrete - Performance,production,placing and compliance criteria.This prestandardspecifies the required level of execution in assembling productssuch as fresh concrete,reinforcement, precast concrete elementsetc. into a structure that achieves the intended level ofmechanicalresistance and stability.This prestandard has three functions: totransfer the requirements set during design from the designer tothe constructor i.e. to be linkbetween design and execution; togive a set of standardized technical requirements for the executionwhen ordering a concretestructure; to serve as a check list for thedesigner to ensure that he provides the constructor with allrelevanttechnical information for the execution of the structure(see Annex A).Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, LondonSouth Bank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, UncontrolledCopy, (c) BSIPage 5ENV 13670-1:2000Introduction(1) This EuropeanPrestandard assumes: the availability of a comprehensive design ofthe structure a project management in charge of the supervision ofthe works which will ensure the execution of aconforming structure;a site management which will take charge of the organisation of theworks and ensure the correct andsafe use of the equipment andmachinery, the satisfactory quality of materials, the execution ofaconforming structure and its safe use up to the delivery of theworks.When precast elements are used, the following additionalassumptions are made: the availability of a specific design of theprecast elements conforming to the relevant standards theavailability of a design coordination between precast elements andsite manufactured components. a technical specification of theprecast structure with instructions for installation; there is anerection management to direct the erection team.(2) This EuropeanPrestandard presupposes that the work is carried out with thenecessary skill andadequate equipment and resources to perform thework in accordance with the requirements of theprojectspecification and the requirements of this EuropeanPrestandard.It is assumed that generally accepted rules for goodworkmanship for the various activities are known andapplied.(3) Itis assumed that the constructor will conform to provisions valid atthe construction site with respectto: qualifications for thepersonnel doing the various activities covered by this prestandard;health and safety aspects of construction.(4) This prestandardassumes that the finished structure after completion is used asintended in the designand submitted to the planned inspection andmaintenance necessary to achieve the intended design lifeand todetect weaknesses or any unexpected behaviour.1 Scope(1) ThisEuropean Prestandard gives common requirements for execution ofconcrete structures. Inparticular, this part gives requirements forstructures designed according to ENV 1992 -1 and for theconcretepart of composite structures designed according to ENV 1994-1.(2)In the case of civil engineering works, different or additionalrequirements need to be considered and,if required, given in theproject specification.(3) This prestandard permits the projectspecification to state specific requirements relevant totheparticular structure.(4) This prestandard is applicable totemporary as well as permanent concrete structures.(5) Additionalor different requirements should be considered and, if required,given in the projectspecification when using: Lightweight aggregateconcrete; other materials (e.g.fibres) or constituent materials;special technologies/innovate designs.(6) Small and simple concreteworks and secondary structures of minor importance, defined as suchinprovisions valid at the construction site, are not within thisprestandard.(7) This prestandard does not apply to concrete membersused only as equipment for the execution.(8) This prestandard doesnot cover the specification, production and conformity ofconcrete.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London SouthBank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy,(c) BSIPage 6ENV 13670-1:2000(9) This prestandard is not applicableto the production of precast concrete elements made inaccordancewith product standards.(10) This prestandard does notcover the requirements for concrete members in specialgeotechnicalworks such as pile foundations, ground anchors, slurrywalls, etc.(11) This prestandard does not cover safety and healthaspects of execution.(12) This prestandard does not staterequirements for quality assurance or for qualification ofpersonnelfor the various activities.(13) This prestandard does notcover contractual issues or responsibilities for the identifiedactions.2 References(1) This European Prestandard incorporates bydated or undated reference, provisions from otherpublications.These references are cited at the appropriate places in the textand the publications are listedhereafter. For dated references,subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publicationsapplyto this European Prestandard, only when incorporated in it byamendment or revision. For undatedreferences the latest edition ofthe publication referred to applies.(2) All relevant nationalstandards not covered by European Standards should be stated in theprojectspecification.2.1 Normative referencesprEN 206:1997 ConcretePart 1: Specification, performance, production and conformityNOTEPresently EN 206 is available as prEN 206:1997 (see also clause6.6(3), 11.2, E8.5, G 11.1 and G 11.7) andprEN 206-1 is inpreparation.EN 446:1996 Grout for prestressing tendons - GroutingproceduresEN 447:1996 Grout for prestressing tendons -Specifications for common groutEN 523 Steel strip sheaths forprestressing tendons - Terminology - Requirements andqualitycontrolEN 1065 Adjustable telescopic steel props - Productspecifications, design and assessment bycalculation and testsENV1991 Eurocode 1: Basis of design and actions on structuresENV 1992Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structuresENV 1994 Eurocode 4:Design of composite steel and concrete structuresprEN 10080:1999Steel for the reinforcement of concrete - Weldable ribbedreinforcing steelPart 1 Part 6 1)ENV 10138 Steel for theprestressing of concrete. 1)2.2 Informative referencesISO 1803-1Building construction Tolerances Vocabulary Part 1: GeneraltermsISO 4463-1 Measurement methods for building setting out andmeasurement Part 1: Planningand organization, measuring procedures,acceptance criteria 1) European Standards for reinforcement andprestressing steels (prEN 10080 and prEN 10138) are presentlyinpreparation. Until these are issued and implemented, nationalstandards apply.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, LondonSouth Bank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, UncontrolledCopy, (c) BSIPage 7ENV 13670-1:20003 DefinitionsFor the purposes ofthis prestandard, the following definitions apply:3.1constructionworksEverything that is constructed or results from constructionoperations. This term covers both building andcivil engineeringworks. It refers to the complete construction comprising bothstructural and non-structural components.3.2constructorTheorganization executing the works.3.3executionAll activities carriedout for the physical completion of the work, i.e. scaffolding,formwork, reinforcing,concreting, curing, erection etc., and theinspection and documentation thereof.3.4inspectionActivitiescarried out in order to check that the execution is in accordancewith the project specification.3.5method statementDocumentationdescribing the methods and procedures to be used to perform thework.3.6permitted deviationPermitted algebraic differences betweenthe limits of size and the corresponding reference size (seeISO1803/1 Building construction - Tolerances-Vocabulary-Part 1:General terms).3.7precast concrete elementConcrete elementconforming to a product standard, cast and cured in a place otherthan the final locationof use.NOTE In this prestandard the shorterterm "precast element" is used.3.8project specificationDocumentscovering technical data and requirements for a particular projectprepared to supplement andqualify the requirements of thisprestandard.3.9reference lineLine defined in the projectspecification to which sizes are related.3.10secondary lineAny lineused for the purpose of setting-out the proposed building and forchecking the conformity of thebuilding or building parts (see ISO4463-1:1998 Measurement methods for building. Settingoutmeasurements - Part 1: Planning and organization measuringprocedures, acceptance criteria).Licensed Copy: London South BankUniversity, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 8ENV 13670-1:20003.11surfacefinishDescription of the appearance of the concrete surfaceincluding aspects of geometry, texture, colour etc.3.12temporarystructureStructure designed for a short lifetime according to table2.1 of ENV 1991-1.3.13tolerancesPermitted variation of size (seeISO 1803/1 Building construction - Tolerances-Vocabulary-Part1:General terms).Tolerances for precast concrete elements aresubdivided as follows: production tolerances i.e. geometricaltolerances as defined in the product standards; erection tolerancesi.e. geometrical tolerances relating to location, verticality,horizontality or othercharacteristics of the construction assembly;construction tolerances i.e. geometrical tolerances that are acombination of production, siteconstruction and erectiontolerances.3.13.1normal tolerancesThe basic limits for geometricaldeviations that ensures that the structure: satisfies the designassumptions; achieves other functional requirements of theconstruction works.NOTE In this prestandard, normal tolerances arereferred to as tolerance class 1.3.13.2special tolerancesMorestringent tolerances than normal tolerances.3.14worksIn the senseof this prestandard, those parts of the construction works that arestructural concrete workand are described in the projectspecification.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, LondonSouth Bank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, UncontrolledCopy, (c) BSIPage 9ENV 13670-1:20004 Documentation4.1 Projectspecification(1) It is assumed that the project specificationincludes: all necessary information and technical requirements forexecution of the works and agreements madeduring the execution;NOTEAnnex A4, Table A1 contains a checklist of requirements andinformation that may have to be included inthe projectspecification as appropriate. relevant European Technical Approvalsand provisions valid at the construction site.NOTE Provisions validat the construction site are national standards and documentsapproved by a competentauthority defined in the projectspecification.(2) Before commencement of execution of any part ofthe works, the project specification relevant to thatpart of theworks shall be complete and available. The following provisionsshould be included in theproject specification: procedures formaking alterations to previously agreed requirements; anyrequirement for the distribution, the filing and recording oftechnical documents used for theworks.(3) If a quality plan for theexecution of the works is required, this shall be stated in theprojectspecification.4.2 Execution documentation4.2.1 Qualityplan(1) If a quality control procedure is required by the projectspecification, it shall be available at site.4.2.2 Specialdocumentation(1) If special documentation is required, the type andextent of the documentation shall be stated in theprojectspecification.NOTE In inspection classes 2 and 3, documentation ofinspection is required, see clause 11.5 Falsework and formwork5.1Basic requirements(1) Falsework and formwork including theirsupports and foundations shall be designed and constructedso thatthey are : capable of resisting any action to which they aresubmitted during the construction process; stiff enough to ensurethat the tolerances specified for the structure are satisfied andthe integrity of thestructural member is not affected.(2) The form,function, appearance and durability of the permanent works shallnot be impaired ordamaged due to the performance of the falseworkand formwork or their removal.(3) Falsework and formwork shallconform to the relevant European Standard such as EN 1065.NOTEAEuropean standard on vertical formwork is underpreparation.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, LondonSouth Bank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, UncontrolledCopy, (c) BSIPage 10ENV 13670-1:20005.2 Materials5.2.1 General(1)Any material which leads to the fulfilment of the criteria for thestructure given in 5.1 and 5.6 may beused. They shall conform torelevant product standards where they exist. The characteristics ofthespecific material shall be taken into account.5.2.2 Releaseagents(1) Release agents shall be selected and applied in such away that they are not harmful to concrete,reinforcing steel, orformwork and in such a way that they have no detrimental effects ontheenvironment.(2) Unless specifically intended, release agentsshall have no detrimental effect on the surface quality, itscolour,or specified subsequent coatings.(3) Release agents shall beapplied according to the product specification or provisions validat theconstruction site.5.3 Falsework(1) A method statement, whererequired, shall describe the method of erection and dismantlingoftemporary structures. It shall specify the requirements forhandling, adjusting, intentional precambering,loading, unkeying,striking and dismantling.(2) The design of the falsework shall takeinto account the deformation during and after concreting topreventdeleterious cracking in the young concrete. This may be achievedby: limiting the deflection and/or settlement; controlling thecasting sequence and/or concrete specification e.g. retarding theconcrete.5.4 Formwork(1) Formwork shall keep the concrete in itsrequired shape until it is hardened.(2) Formwork and the jointsbetween boards or panels shall be sufficiently tight so as toprevent loss offines.(3) Formwork likely to absorb significantamounts of water from the concrete or facilitate evaporationshallbe suitably wetted to reduce water uptake from the concrete, unlessintended specifically for thatpurpose e.g. controlled permeabilityformwork.(4) The internal surface of the formwork shall be clean.If the formwork is used to produce visibleconcrete surfaces, thetreatment of the formwork surfaces shall be such that the requiredfinish isachievable.5.5 Special formwork5.5.1 Slipforming(1) Whenusing slipforming, the design of the system shall take into accountthe properties of theformwork material and make provision forcontrolling the geometry of the works.(2) Due to the need to batterthe forms and the form friction on the young concrete, a continuousguidancesystem between the reinforcement and the form shall be usedto ensure the required concrete cover withinthe tolerances given inclause 10.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London SouthBank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy,(c) BSIPage 11ENV 13670-1:20005.5.2 Other special formwork(1)Requirements shall be given in the project specification.5.6Surface finishIf special finishes are required, these shall bestated in the project specification. Trial concrete panelsofsuitable size may be specified as a basis for approving thesurface quality.NOTESurface finish depends on the type of formwork,concrete (aggregates, cement, addition, admixtures),execution andprotection during the subsequent construction.5.7 Inserts informwork and embedded components5.7.1 General(1) Temporary insertsto keep the formwork in place, bars, ducts and similar items to becast within thesection and embedded components e.g. anchor plates,anchor bolts, spacers, shall : be fixed robustly enough to ensurethat they will keep their prescribed position during placingandconcreting; not introduce unacceptable actions on the structure;not react harmfully with the concrete, the reinforcement orprestressing steel; not produce unacceptable surface blemishes; notimpair the functional performance and the durability of thestructural member; not prevent adequate placing and compaction ofthe fresh concrete.(2) Any embedded item shall have sufficientstrength and stiffness to preserve its shape during theconcretingoperation and be free of contaminants that would affect them, theconcrete or reinforcement.5.7.2 Temporary inserts(1) Recesses andholes used for temporary works shall be filled and finished with amaterial of similarquality to the surrounding concrete, unless thefunction of the member is such that they may remain openor anothermethod is agreed or specified.5.8 Removal of formwork andfalsework(1) Falsework and formwork shall not be removed until theconcrete has gained sufficient strength : to resist damage tosurfaces that may arise during the striking; to carry the actionsimposed on the concrete member at that stage; to avoid deflectionsbeyond the specified tolerances due to the elastic and inelastic(creep) behaviourof the concrete.Striking shall be made in a mannerthat it will not subject the structure to impact, overload ordamage.The loads in falsework shall be released in a sequence thatensures the other falsework members are notsubject to excessiveloads. The stability of falsework and formwork shall be maintainedwhen loads arereleased and during dismantling.(4) The procedure forpropping or re-propping when used to reduce the effects of theinitial load,subsequent loading and/or to avoid excessivedeflections shall be detailed in a method statement.(5) If formworkis part of the curing system, the time of its removal shall betaken into account inaccordance with the requirements of8.5.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South BankUniversity, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c)BSIPage 12ENV 13670-1:20006 Reinforcement6.1 General(1) Thefollowing clauses apply to site and fabricated reinforcement.6.2Materials(1) Reinforcing steel shall conform to the Europeanstandard for reinforcing steel, prEN 10080:1999,when available andto provisions valid at the construction site.(2) Each product shallbe clearly identifiable.(3) Anchorage devices and couplers shallconform to ENV 1992-1-1, a European Technical Approval orprovisionsvalid at the construction site.(4) The surface of the reinforcementshall be free from loose rust and deleterious substances whichmayadversely affect the steel, concrete, or the bond betweenthem.(5) Galvanised reinforcement shall only be used together withcement that has no detrimental effect onthe bond to the galvanisedreinforcement.6.3 Bending, cutting, transport and storage of thereinforcement(1) The cutting and bending of reinforcing steel shallconform to the project specification. The followingrequirementsapply: bending shall be done at a uniform rate; where permitted bynational standards or provisions valid at the construction site,bending of steelbelow temperatures of -5C is permitted provided theprocedure conforms to the given additionalprecautions; unlesspermitted by the project specification, bending by heating the barsis not permitted.(2) For bending bars, the diameter of the mandrelused shall be suitable for the actual type ofreinforcement and notless than the values given in table 5.1 of ENV 1992-1-1 (see annexC) orprovisions valid at the construction site .(3) For weldedreinforcement and fabric bent after welding, the diameter of themandrel used shall besuitable for the actual type of reinforcementand not less than the values given in table 5.2 of ENV 1992-1-1(see annex C) or provisions valid at the construction site.(4)Steel reinforcing bars, welded fabric and prefabricatedreinforcement cages shall not be damagedduring transporting,storing (clear of ground), handling and placing into position.Straightening of bent bars shall be allowed only if: specialequipment to limit local stresses is used, the procedure ofstraightening has been approved.NOTEPermission may be given in theproject specification or provisions valid at the constructionsite(5) Reinforcement from coils shall not be used unlessappropriate equipment is available and thestraightening proceduresare approved.6.4 Welding(1) Welding shall conform to provisionsvalid at the construction site.(2) Welding is only permitted onreinforcing steel conforming to prEN 10080:1999 and reinforcingsteelclassified as weldable in provisisons valid at theconstruction site.(3) Welding shall not be executed at, or near,bends in a bar. The limits given in table 5.2 of ENV 1992-1-1apply.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London SouthBank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy,(c) BSIPage 13ENV 13670-1:2000(4) Spot welding is permitted for theassembling of reinforcement provided that it is not restrictedbyprovisions valid at the construction site.6.5 Joints(1) Barsshall be jointed, by laps, couplers or welding, in accordance withENV 1992-1-1 provisions validat the construction site.6.6 Assemblyand placing of the reinforcement(1) The reinforcement shall beplaced according to the project specification.Note 1 Specialattention should be given to reinforcement and cover at thelocation of holes of small dimensionswhich are not considered inthe structural design.Note 2 It is assumed that the projectspecification gives detailed information on the layout and spacingof bars, aswell as any precautions to be taken in areas ofcongested reinforcement.(2) The reinforcement shall be fixed andsecured so that its final position is within the tolerances giveninthis prestandard. Assembly of reinforcement may be done with tiewire or spot welding (see 6.4 (2) and(4)).(3) The specified coverto the reinforcement shall be maintained by the use of suitablechairs and spacers.Steel spacers in contact with the concretesurface are only permitted in a dry environment i.e. exposureclassXO of prEN 206:1997.(4) Requirement to cover apply to the nominalvalue, Cn , and apply to the surface of any reinforcementincludingpossible assembly reinforcement.7 Prestressing7.1 General(1) Thefollowing requirements apply to prestressed concrete proceduresincorporating: bonded pre-tensioned construction; bondedpost-tensioned construction; unbonded post-tensioned, internal orexternal construction.NOTE 1 Special attention to safety measuresis necessary.NOTE 2 Provisions valid at the construction site (see4.1.3) include approval documents issued by a European ornationalcertification body.7.2 Materials for prestressing7.2.1Post-tensioning systems(1) Post-tensioning systems shall conform toEuropean Technical Approval or provisions valid at theconstructionsite.(2) All parts of the post-tensioning system shall becompatible e.g. from the same prestressing system.7.2.2 Sheaths(1)Steel strip sheaths shall conform to EN 523.(2) Sheaths ofmaterials other than steel shall conform to provisions valid at theconstruction site.(3) Casing sheaths for unbonded strands shallconform to the relevant product standard, if any, or toprovisionsvalid at the construction site.Licensed Copy: London South BankUniversity, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 14ENV 13670-1:20007.2.3Prestressing steel and substitutes(1) The tendons and prestressingsteel (wires, strands, bars) shall conform to 3.3 of ENV1992-1-1and toprovisions valid at the construction site, or ENV10138 when available. For unbonded tendons (internal orexternal)the material properties shall conform to 3 of ENV 1992-1-5.(2)Materials other than steel to be used for prestressing such ascomposite carbon-, glass- or aramid-fibres, shall conform toEuropean Technical Approval or provisions valid at the constructionsite.7.2.4 Anchorage elements and accessories(1) Anchorage elementsand accessories for the prestressing system shall be identified asthose specifiedor permitted.7.2.5 Tendon supports(1) Tendonsupports shall: not be deleterious to either steel or concrete; bestiff enough to ensure a stable fixing of the tendons in theirrequired position; not damage the sheaths.(2) The spacing of thetendon supports shall be such as to ensure the sheaths conform tothe required lineand level.7.2.6 Cement-based grout(1) Common groutfor filling ducts and anchorages shall conform to EN 447:1996.7.2.7Grease, wax or other products.Grease or wax for filling ducts andanchorages of unbonded tendons shall conform to ENV 1992-1-5.7.2.8Documentation(1) The project specification and constructiondocumentation related to prestressing, identificationdocuments andapproval documents on materials and/or tendons shall be availableon site.(2) When materials are delivered to site, they shall beaccompanied by a delivery ticket. Materials withoutproperdocumentation shall be rejected.(3) Delivery tickets, test reportsand non-conformities shall be included in the tensioning report.7.3Transport and Storage(1) Materials sensitive to corrosion e.g.prestressing steel, sheaths, anchorage devices,couplers,prefabricated tendons and tendons fabricated on site,shall be protected from harmful influences duringtransport andstorage and also whilst placed in the structure prior to permanentprotection. Materials thathave corroded significantly shall bereplaced by conforming materials.(2) Cement, dry additions andadmixtures for grout shall be protected from water and moistureduringdelivery and storage on site.7.4 Fabrication of tendons(1)The prestressing tendons shall be assembled in accordance with theEuropean Technical Approval orprovisions valid at the constructionsite.(2) The type and class of prestressing steel shall be recordedin the inspection reports.Licensed Copy: London South BankUniversity, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 15ENV 13670-1:2000(3) Weldingof prestressing steel or anchorages, oxygen cutting or welding ofsteel in the vicinity ofprestressing steel is not permitted.Welding of pressure distribution spirals, anchor plates andspotwelding of perforated plates is not permitted unless otherwisestated in the project specification.(4) Sheaths and their jointsshall be sealed against the ingress of water.7.5 Placing of thetendons7.5.1 General(1) Prestressing tendons shall be placed andsecured in a manner that maintains their location withinthepermissible tolerances (see 7.2.6 (1) and 10.6).(2) The tendonsshall have a straight entry into the anchorage and thecouplers.7.5.2 Pre-tensioned tendons(1) Unbonded lengths of theprestressing steel shall be adequately protected againstcorrosion.7.5.3 Post-tensioned tendons(1) Vents on the sheathsshall be provided at both ends, at the points of the tendon whereair or water mayaccumulate. In the case of sheaths of considerablelength, vents or inlets may be required atintermediatepositions.(2) Vents shall be properly marked toidentify the cable.(3) The sheaths and vents shall be secured towithstand the effects of placing and compacting oftheconcrete.7.5.4 Internal and external unbonded tendons(1)Unbonded tendons shall be adequately sealed against penetration ofmoisture.7.6 Tensioning7.6.1 General(1) Tensioning shall conform toa prearranged and approved tensioning programme. Force (pressure)andelongation shall be recorded in an inspection report.(2) Writteninstructions for the tensioning shall be available on site.(3)Stressing devices shall be selected from those permitted by theprestressing system.(4) The valid calibration records for the forcemeasuring devices shall be available on site before thetensioningstarts.(5) Application and/or transfer of prestressing to astructure shall be done progressively and is onlyallowed when theconcrete strength conforms to 4.2.3.5.7 of ENV 1992-1-1 and isequal to or greater thanthe minimum compressive strength requiredby the prestressing system.NOTEHaving adequate concrete strength inthe anchorage areas is of particular importance.(6) If during thestressing of post-tensioned tendons, the calculated elongationcannot be achieved within 5% of the specified total tensioningforce or within 10 % of the specified tensioning force for asingletendon, action shall be taken in accordance with the theproject specification.(7) If during the stressing of pre-tensionedtendons, the calculated elongation cannot be achieved within 3% ofthe specified total tensioning force or within 5% of the specifiedtensioning force for a singletendon, action shall be taken inaccordance with the project specification.Licensed Copy: LondonSouth Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 0609:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 16ENV13670-1:2000(8) The results of the tensioning programme and itsconformity or non-conformity to the requirementsshall be recordedin an inspection report.7.6.2 Pre-tensioned tendons(1) If the freshconcrete cannot be cast in due time after tensioning, temporaryprotective measures shallbe taken which will not affect the bond orhave a detrimental effect on the steel and/or the concrete.7.6.3Post-tensioned tendons(1) Tensioning is not permitted at ambienttemperatures below -10C. unless stated otherwise inprovisions validat the construction site.(2) Tensioning shall not take place atin-situ concrete temperatures below +5C unless theprocedureconforms to special arrangements given in provisions validat the construction site.(3) In the case of deviation from theplanned performance during tensioning, the cutting off oftendonends or grouting is not permitted. Works which can impair there-tensioning shall not be carried out. Allthese works shall bepostponed until the revised tensioning report has beenapproved.7.6.4 Internal and external unbonded tendons(1) Clauses(1), (2) and (3) of 7.6.3. apply.7.7 Protective measures (grouting,greasing, concreting )7.7.1 General(1) Written instructions shallbe provided for the preparation and execution of the protectivemeasures.(2) Grouting devices shall conform to EN 446 and beselected from those permitted by the prestressingsystem.(3) Resultsfrom the inspection and whether they conform to the requirementsfor the protection shall berecorded in the inspection report, see11.3and annex D(4) Anchorage areas and end caps shall be protectedas well as the tendons.7.7.2 Pre-tensioned tendons(1) The ends ofthe tendons shall be protected against corrosion.7.7.3Post-tensioned bonded tendons(1) Grouting of post-tensioned bondedtendons shall conform to EN 446:1996 and EN 447:1996.7.7.4 Internalor external unbonded tendons(1) Where external tendons are to beprotected by grout, grout and grouting shall conform to 7.7.3.(2)In other cases the sheaths and anchorages of the tendons shall befilled by the specified method with anon-corrosive grease or waxconfoming to ENV 1992-1-5.7.7.5 Grouting operations(1) The mixingprocess (batching, w/c ratio, procedure, time) shall ensure therequired properties byconforming to EN 446:1996 and EN 447:1996 orprovisions valid at the construction site.(2) Grouting shallconform to EN 446:1996 or provisions valid at the constructionsite.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South BankUniversity, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c)BSIPage 17ENV 13670-1:2000(3) Where required, e.g. large diameterof ducts, vertical or inclined ducts, post-injection shall conformto7.8 of EN 446:1996.(4) The volume injected shall be comparablewith the theoretical free volume in the duct.(5) Any void in theducts shall be vacuum grouted or re-injected.(6) In the case ofvacuum-injection, the free volume in the ducts shall be measured.The amount of groutinjected shall be comparable with thisvolume.7.7.6 Greasing operations(1) Greasing shall be carried outat a continuous and steady rate.(2) The volume injected shall becomparable with the theoretical free volume in the duct. The changeofgrease volume with temperature shall be taken into account.(3)After completion of greasing, unintended loss of grease from theducts shall be prevented by sealingthem under pressure.8Concreting8.1 Specification of concrete(1) Concrete shall bespecified and produced in accordance with prEN 206:1997.NOTECheckthat the specification of concrete includes all the requirementsfor execution.8.2 Delivery, reception and site transport of freshconcreteConcrete shall be inspected at the point ofplacing.NOTETable G.3 gives guidance on the minimum level ofinspection.(2) Detrimental changes of the fresh concrete, such assegregation, bleeding, paste loss or any otherchanges shall beminimised during loading, transport and unloading as well as duringconveyance on site.(3) When required, samples for identity testingshall be taken at the point of placing or in the case ofready-mixedconcrete, at the point of delivery.8.3 Pre-concreting operations(1)A concreting and inspection plan shall be prepared for theexecution in Inspection classes 2 and 3,including all actions to bedealt with in this prestandard, relevant to the execution.(2) Whenrequired initial testing of concreting by trial casting, shall bedocumented before the start ofexecution.(3) All preparation worksshall be completed, inspected and documented as required for theinspectionclass before the casting is initiated.(4) If concrete isplaced directly against ground or rock, the fresh concrete shall beprotected againstintermixing and water suction.(5) Ground, rock,formwork or structural parts in contact with the section to be castshall have atemperature which does not result in freezing of theconcrete before it has sufficient strength to resist theeffects offreezing.(6) If the ambient temperature is forecasted to be below0C at the time of casting or in the curing period,precautions shallbe planned to protect the concrete against damage due tofreezing.(7) If the ambient temperature is forecasted to be high atthe time of casting or in the curing period,precautions shall beplanned to protect the concrete against damaging effects.LicensedCopy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University,Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 18ENV13670-1:2000NOTEExamples are given in E.8.5.8.4 Placing andcompaction(1) The concrete shall be placed and compacted in orderto ensure that all reinforcement and cast-in itemsare properlyembedded within the tolerances on the cover in compacted concreteand that the concreteachieves its intended strength anddurability.NOTEParticular care in ensuring proper compaction isrequired at changes in cross sections, in narrow locations,atboxouts, at congested reinforcement arrangements and atconstruction joints.(2) The rate of placing and compaction shall behigh enough to avoid cold joints and low enough toprevent excessivesettlements or overloading of the formwork and falsework.NOTE 1 Acold joint may form during casting if the concrete in the castingfront sets before placing andcompaction of the next layer ofconcrete.NOTE 2 Additional requirements on the placing method andrates of placing may be needed where there arespecial requirementsfor the surface finishes.(3) Segregation shall be minimised duringplacing and compaction.(4) The concrete shall be protected againstadverse solar radiation, strong wind, freezing, water, rain andsnowduring placing and compaction.(5) Light-weight aggregate concreteshall not be pumped unless it is documented that pumping hasnosignificant effect on the strength of the hardened concrete.8.5Curing and protection(1) Concrete in its early life shall be curedand protected: to minimise plastic shrinkage; to ensure adequatesurface strength; to ensure adequate surface zone durability; fromfreezing; from harmful vibration, impact or damage.NOTEIf highstrength concrete is used, special consideration should be given topreventing plastic shrinkagecracking.(2) Methods of curing shallachieve low evaporation rates from the concrete surface or keep thesurfacepermanently wet.NOTE Natural curing is sufficient whenconditions throughout the required curing period are such thatevaporationrates from the concrete surface are low, e.g. in damp,rainy or foggy weather.(3) On completion of compaction andfinishing operations on the concrete and where necessary,thesurface shall be cured without delay. If needed to preventplastic shrinkage cracking on free surfaces,temporary curing shallbe applied prior to finishing.(4) The duration of applied curingshall be a function of the development of the concrete propertiesin thesurface zone.(5) For concretes to be exposed to exposureclasses X0 or XC1 conditions only (see prEN 206:1997),minimumcuring periods shall be 12 hours, provided the set does not exceed5 hours, and the surfaceconcrete temperature is equal to or above5C.Unless specified otherwise in provisions valid at theconstruction site, the following rules shall apply:Licensed Copy:London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 19ENV13670-1:2000 Concrete for use in classes other than XO or XC1 shallbe cured until the surface concrete strength hasachieved at least50 % of the specified compressive strength. National standards orprovisions valid at the construction site may translate theserequirements intoperiods of time or conformity to table E.1 inannex E may be deemed to satisfy the requirements ofthis clause.(6)Curing compounds are not permitted on construction joints, onsurfaces to be treated or surfaceswhere bonding of other materialsis required, unless they are fully removed prior to thesubsequentoperation, or they are proven to have no detrimentaleffects on the subsequent operations.Unless permitted by theproject specification, curing compounds shall not be used onsurfaces withspecial requirements for the surface finish.(7) Theconcrete surface temperature shall not fall below 0C until theconcrete surface has reached astrength where freezing can beresisted without damage (usually when fc > 5 MPa).(8) Unlessspecified otherwise in provisions valid at the construction site,the peak temperature of theconcrete within a component shall notexceed 65C, unless data are provided to prove that, withthecombination of materials used, higher temperatures will have nosignificant adverse effect on the serviceperformance of theconcrete.NOTEThe requirements for accelerated curing by applicationof external or internal heat and for the cooling ofsections withcast-in cooling pipes are not given in this prestandard.8.6Post-concreting operations(1) After form striking, all surfacesshall be inspected in accordance with the inspection classforconformity to the requirements.(2) The surface shall beprotected from damage and disfigurement during construction.(3) Anyrequirement for testing hardened in situ concrete, its frequencyand the conformity criteria, shallbe in accordance with the projectspecification.8.7 Special execution methods(1) Special methodsshall be specified. Any changes shall be agreed and recorded in theprojectspecification.(2) Execution with special concrete such aslight-weight concrete, high-strength concrete,heavy-weightconcrete, underwater concrete etc. shall conform toprovisions valid at the construction site, agreedprocedures orknown or proven methods.(3) Concrete for slipforming shall have anappropriate set. Slipforming shall be performed withadequateequipment and methods ensuring that the specified cover tothe reinforcement, concrete quality andsurface finish areachieved.8.8 Concreting of composite structures(1) Concreting ofcomposite structures shall conform to this prestandard.9 Executionwith precast concrete elements and site manufactured components9.1General(1) This prestandard gives requirements for the constructionoperations involving structural sitemanufactured components orstructural precast elements from their reception at the site, untilthecompletion of their installation and final acceptance.LicensedCopy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University,Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 20ENV13670-1:2000(2) When site manufactured components or precastelements are used, the existence of the designcoordination betweenthem and the structural performance of the overall structure shallbe verified.9.2 Factory produced precast elements(1) The factoryproduced precast elements, up to the reception of the elements atthe site, are in the scopeof the relevant European productstandards or European technical approval. If there are noEuropeantechnical specifications, provisions valid at theconstruction site apply.9.3 Site manufactured components(1) Sitemanufactured components may be treated as precast elements if theyconform to the relevantEuropean product standard.(2) Sitemanufactured components not conforming to any product standard,shall not be considered asprecast elements. Their manufacture iscovered by this prestandard.(3) The requirements for operationsfollowing the production of site manufactured components arethesame as for factory produced precast elements.9.4 Handling andstorage9.4.1 General(1) Handling, storage and protection of theprecast elements shall be carried out in accordance with theprojectspecification.9.4.2 Handling(1) A lifting scheme defining thesuspension points and forces, the arrangement of the lifting systemand,where necessary, any special provisions shall be available.(2)The total mass and any possible deviation shall be available foreach element.9.4.3 Storage(1) Storage instructions for the elementshall define the storage position and the permissiblesupportpoints, the maximum height of the stack, the protectivemeasures and, where necessary, any provisionsrequired to maintainstability.9.5 Placing and adjustment9.5.1 General(1) Requirementsfor the placing and adjustment of the precast elements shall begiven in the erectionspecification.(2) Before any delivery ofprecast elements, the erection specification necessary for theirhandling andpossible on site storage shall be available at site.(3)The work programme with the sequence of on-site operations shall beavailable at site.(4) Erection shall not be started until the aboveitems are satisfactorily verified.9.5.2 Placing(1) The erectionspecification shall define the arrangement of the supports, thenecessary props and,where necessary, the temporary stabilityprovisions.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, LondonSouth Bank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, UncontrolledCopy, (c) BSIPage 21ENV 13670-1:2000(2) Where necessary, the accessand work positions shall be shown in the erection specification fortheguiding of the element and the reaching of lifting devices.(3)Construction measures are to be applied which ensure theeffectiveness and stability of temporary andfinal supports. Thesemeasures shall minimise the risk of possible damage and inadequateperformance.NOTE Special advice may be required to ensure safeinstallation and to avoid accidental damage.(4) The erection of theprecast elements shall conform to the plans and the details of theassemblydrawings and the operation sequence of the workprogramme.(5) During installation, the correct position of theelements, the dimensional accuracy of the supports, theconditionsof the joints and the overall arrangement of the structure shall bechecked and any necessaryadjustments made.9.6 Jointing andcompletion works9.6.1 General(1) An inspection shall be carried outbefore the execution of jointing and before any completionworks.(2) The completion work shall be executed on the basis of therequirements given in the erectionspecification and taking climaticconditions into account.9.6.2 In-situ works(1) The placing of anyadditional reinforcement for the completion of the structure shallconform toclauses 6 and 7.(2) The in situ concreting shall conformto clause 8.9.6.3 Structural joints(1) Connectors of any type shallbe undamaged, correctly placed and properly executed to ensureaneffective structural behaviour.(2) Threaded and glued connectionsshall be executed according to the specific technology ofthematerials used.(3) It is assumed that the project specificationcontains requirements to ensure that; joints have a size compatiblewith the sealing method; steel inserts of any type, used for jointconnections, are properly protected against corrosion and fireby anappropriate choice of materials or covering; welded structuralconnections are made with weldable materials and are inspected.10Geometrical tolerances10.1 General(1) The completed structure shallbe within the maximum allowable deviations to avoiddetrimentaleffects in terms ofa) mechanical resistance andstability in transient and in service stages;b) service performanceduring the use of the building;c) placing compatibility for theerection of the structure and its non-structuralcomponents.NOTEUnintended small deviations from the referencevalues which have no significant consequenses on theperformance ofthe finished structure may be neglected.Licensed Copy: London SouthBank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 22ENV 13670-1:2000(2) Thissection contains the types of geometrical deviations relevant tobuilding structures. Numericalvalues are given for structuraltolerances, i.e. tolerances that have influence on the structuralsafety. Twostructural tolerance classes are identified. ThisEuropean Prestandard does not include permitted valuesfor toleranceclass 2. Tolerance class 2 has been defined in order to permitnational values to be specified.Unless otherwise stated in theproject specification, tolerance class 1 applies.NOTE 1 Toleranceclass 1, referred to as normal tolerances, achieves the designassumptions of ENV 1992 and therequired level of safety. The use oftolerance class 2 should be used in conjunction with inspectionclass 3.NOTE 2 The tolerances given in 10.4 to 10.6 are normativestructural tolerances considered essential for themechanicalresistance and stability of structures in order to fulfil 10.1(1a).NOTE 3 Recommended values for other tolerances are given in annexF. These tolerances can be structural or non-structural dependingon the function of the component. The project specification shouldstate if these tolerances areapplicable.(3) The requirements ofthis clause relate to the completed structure. Where components areincorporatedin a structure, any intermediate checking of suchcomponents shall be subordinate to the final checking ofthecompleted structure.(4) Any requirements for special tolerancesshall be identified in the project specification and thefollowinginformation shall then be given: any amendments to the permitteddeviations given in this prestandard; any further type of deviationto be controlled, together with defined parameters and permittedvalues; whether these special tolerances apply to all relevantcomponents or to particular components whichare identified.(5)Tolerances for surfaces between components where forces areintended to be transmitted by fullcontact bearing between thesurfaces are not defined in this prestandard. Any requirements tosuchsurfaces shall be stated in the project specification.(6)Tolerances for components cast under water are not given in thisprestandard.(7) If a certain geometrical deviation is covered bydifferent requirements (redundancy), the strictesttolerance isapplicable.(8) This prestandard does not give requirements for thecombination of construction tolerances andstructuraldeformations.10.2 Reference system(1) Tolerances of position inplane refers to the secondary lines in plane.(2) Tolerances ofposition in height refers the secondary lines in height e.g. atransferred bench mark.(3) Any requirement for the secondary linesshall be stated in the project specification.NOTEISO 4463-1:1998Measurement methods for building. Setting out measurements - Part1: Planning andorganization measuring procedures, acceptancecriteria gives guidance for setting-out the secondary lines.10.3Base supports (foundations)(1) Base supports may be directfoundations on the ground, pile caps etc. Recommended values fortheposition of the centres of the base supports are given in figureF.1 in annex F.NOTEFoundation on the ground may be either castdirectly or made from precast concrete elements.Tolerancerequirements to deep foundations, such as piles, slurrywalls, diaphragms, special anchorages etc., are not given inthisprestandard.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, LondonSouth Bank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, UncontrolledCopy, (c) BSIPage 23ENV 13670-1:200020 10.4 Columns and walls(1)Values for permitted structural deviations for columns and wallsare given in figure 1.NOTEGuidance for permitted deviations for thepositions of columns and walls measured relative to thesecondarylines is given in figure F.2 in annex F.No Type ofdeviation Description Permitted deviation Class 1a Inclination ofacolumn at anylevel in a single- ora multi-storeybuildingThe largerofh/300or15 mmb Deviation betweencentre lines forcolumns andwallsThe larger oft/30or15 mmc Curvature of acolumn betweenadjacentstoreylevelsThe larger ofh/300or15 mmd Location of acolumn or awall atany storey level,from a vertical linethrough its centreatbase level in amulti-storeystructure:n is the number ofstoreys,wheren >1The smaller of50 mmorLh/(200 n1/2)Figure 1 Permittedvertical deviations for columns and wallsLicensed Copy: LondonSouth Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 0609:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 24ENV13670-1:200010.5 Beams and slabs(1) The given deviations for theline and level of beams and slabs also apply to other horizontalandsloping structural components.(2) Values for permittedstructural deviations for beams and slabs are given in figure 2.NoType of deviation Description Permitteddeviation Class 1a1 Beam2ColumnLocation of a beam-to-column-connectionmeasured relativetothe columnb = dimension ofcolumn in the samedirection as AThelarger of b/30or 20 mmb1 Actual bearing axis of supportPosition ofbearingaxis of support = Intended distancefrom edgeThe larger of/20or 15 mmFigure 2 Permitted deviations for beams andslabsLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South BankUniversity, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c)BSIPage 25ENV 13670-1:200010.6 Sections(1) The dimensions ofcross-section, the cover and position of reinforcement andprestressingreinforcement shall not deviate more from the targetvalues than given in figure 3.NOTEThe values for deviations givendo not apply to precast elements. They should conform to therelevantproduct standard.(2) Conformity with the cover requirementsshall be assessed for each individual reading unlessprovisionsvalid at the construction site permit a statistical approach.No.Type of deviation Description Permitteddeviation Class 1a Crosssectional dimensions i = Length of cross-sectionaldimensionApplicable to beams,slabs and columnsFor i < 150 mm i =400 mm i > 2500 mmwith linearinterpolation forintermediatevalues 10 mm 15 mm 30 mmNOTE:1. For foundations, permittedplus-deviations shall be stated in the project specification,ifrequired. Minus-deviations are as stated.2. Tolerances for specialgeotechnical concrete members cast directly onto the ground arenotcovered by this prestandard, e.g. slurry-walls, bored piles,etc. However, ordinary, normalfoundations cast directly onto theground are covered (i.e. blindings, etc.)b Location of ordinaryreinforcementCross sectionFor all values of h:A (minus)h s 150 mm,A (plus)h = 400 mm, A (plus)h > 2500 mm, A (plus)withlinearinterpolation forintermediate values- 10 mm+ 10 mm+ 15 mm+ 20mmcmin = Required minimum covercn = Nominal cover = cmin + A(minus) c = actual coverA = Permitted deviation from cnh = Heightof cross-sectionRequirement: cn + A (plus) > c > cn - A(minus) NOTE:Permitted plus-deviations for cover to reinforcementfor foundations and concrete members infoundations may be increasedby 15 mm. The given minus-deviations apply.Figure 3 Permittedsectional deviations.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University,London South Bank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006,Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 26ENV 13670-1:2000No. Type ofdeviation Description Permitteddeviation Class 1c Lap-joints = Laplength- 0,06 d Location of prestressing reinforcementLongitudinalsection For h s 200 mmFor h > 200 mm:Concrete covermeasured toduct 0,03 hThe smaller of 0,03 hor 30 mm- 15 mmThe values givenapply to vertical and horizontal location.Permitted minus-deviationfrom nominal cover for each tendon as for reinforcement, caseb.Figure 3 (continued)10.7 Surfaces and edgestraightnessRecommended values for deviations for surfaces andstraightness are given in figure F.5 in annex F.10.8 Tolerances forholes and insertsRecommended values for deviations for holes andinserts are given in figure F.6 in annex F.11 Inspection11.1Inspection classesSupervision and inspection shall ensure that theworks are completed in accordance with this prestandardand theprovisions of the project specification.(2) Inspection in thiscontext refers to verifying conformity of the properties ofproducts and materials tobe used as well as inspection of theexecution of the works.(3) Requirements for inspection shall bespecified using one of the following 3 classes: Inspection Class 1;Inspection Class 2; Inspection Class 3.NOTE 1 Inspection class mayrefer to the complete structure, to components of the structure orto certainmaterials/technologies used for the execution. Theinformative annex G gives guidance for selection ofinspectionclass.NOTE 2 The three inspection classes give the optionto specify the required inspection based on the importance ofthecomponent/structure and the criticality of the execution for itsability to fullfill its function.(4) The inspection class to beused shall be stated in the project specification.Licensed Copy:London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 27ENV13670-1:2000NOTEThis prestandard does not deal with provisionsrelated to the competence and degree of independence oftheinspection personnel. It is assumed that any specificrequirements are stated in the project specification orprovisionsvalid at the construction site.11.2 Inspection ofmaterials and products(1) The inspection of the properties of thematerials and products to be used in the works is given intable1.Table 1 Inspection requirements for materials and productsSubjectInspection Class 1 Inspection Class 2 Inspection Class 3Materialsfor formwork Visual inspection. In accordance with projectspecification 3)Reinforcing steel In accordance with ENV 10 080 andprovisions valid at the construction site, see11.5.1(1)3)Prestressing steel Not applicable In accordance with EN 10 138 orprovisions valid at theconstruction site 3)Fresh concrete; 1)readymixed or site mixedIn accordance with prEN 206:1997 and accordingto the project specification.At reception of concrete a deliveryticket shall be present. 3)Other items 2)In accordance with theproject specification 3).Precast elements In accordance with 11.8.23)Inspection report Not required. Required1) Site manufacturedcomponents are considered as components produced with "freshconcrete; ready mixed or site mixed concrete" unless they areproduced according to a product standard.2) For example, items suchas embedded steel components etc.3) Products bearing the CE-mark orthird party product certification shall be checked against thedelivery ticket andvisually inspected. In cases of doubt, furtherinspection shall be undertaken to check that the product conformstoits specification. Other products shall be subject to inspectionand acceptance testing as defined in the projectspecification(2) Ifprescribed concrete is used, the relevant properties are to bechecked by tests.11.3 Scope for inspection of execution(1) Thescope of inspection to be carried out is given in table 2, unlessotherwise stated in the projectspecification:Licensed Copy: LondonSouth Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 0609:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 28ENV13670-1:2000Table 2 Scope of inspectionSubject Inspection Class 1Inspection Class 2 Inspection Class 3Scaffolding, formworkandfalseworkVisual inspection. Major scaffolding andformwork to beinspectedbefore concreting, see 11.4All scaffolding and formworktobe inspected beforeconcreting, see 11.4Ordinary reinforcementVisual inspection andrandom measurements.Major reinforcement tobeinspected before concreting,see 11.5.1(2) and 11.5.2Allreinforcement to beinspected before concreting,see 11.5.1(2) and11.5.2PrestressingreinforcementNot applicable Components withprestressing reinforcement to be inspectedbefore concreting, see11.6.2 and 11.6.3Embedded items Visual inspection. According to theproject specificationErection of precastelementsAccording toerection specificationSite transport andcasting ofconcreteAccording to 11.7Curing and finishing ofconcreteNoneAccording to 11.7Stressing of prestress-ing reinforcement,includinggroutingNot applicable According to 11.6.3 and 11.6.4As-builtgeometry Not required According to projectspecificationDocumentation ofinspectionNot required As required bythis prestandard11.4 Inspection of falsework and formwork11.4.1Inspection prior to concreting(1) Before casting operations start,inspections, according to the relevant inspection class, shallinclude: geometry of formwork; stability of formwork and falseworkand their foundations; tightness of formwork and its parts; removalof detritus (such as dust, snow and/or ice and remains of tiewire)from the section to be cast; treatment of the faces of theconstruction joints; removal of water from the base of the formexcept where special procedures for casting under waterordisplacing the water without intermixing are to be operated;preparation of the surface of the formwork; openings andbox-outs.11.4.2 Inspection after concreting(1) The concretestrength shall be estimated for adequacy before removing falseworkor formwork.(2) The structure shall be checked to ensure thattemporary inserts have been removed.Licensed Copy: London SouthBank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 29ENV 13670-1:200011.5Inspection of reinforcement11.5.1 Inspection prior to concreting(1)Before casting operations start, inspections, according to therelevant inspection class, shall confirmthat: the reinforcementshown on the drawings is in place, and at the specified spacing;the cover is in accordance with the specifications; reinforcementis not contaminated by oil, grease, paint or other deleterioussubstances; the reinforcement is properly tied and secured againstdisplacement during concreting; space between bars is sufficient toplace and compact the concrete.11.5.2 Inspection afterconcreting(1) Construction joints shall be checked to ensure thatthe starter bars are correctly located.11.6 Inspection ofprestressing11.6.1 Inspection for identification(1) Theidentification of the materials shall be verified and checked forconformity to the specification.11.6.2 Inspection prior toconcreting(1) Before casting operations start, inspections shallinclude: the position of the tendons, sheaths, vents, drains,anchorages, and couplers in respect of the projectspecification,including the concrete cover and the spacing of the tendons; thefixture of the tendons and sheaths, including the provision ofadequate resistance againstbuoyancy, and the stability of theirsupports; the sheaths, vents, anchorages, couplers and theirsealing are undamaged; the tendons, anchorages and/or couplers arenot corroded; the cleanliness of the sheaths, anchorages, andcouplers.11.6.3 Inspection prior to tensioning(1) The availabity onsite of the documents and equipment according to the tensioningprogramme shallbe ensured.(2) Prior to tensioning or prior toreleasing the tension force, the actual concrete strength shall becheckedagainst the strength required.(3) The calibration of thejacks shall be checked.(4) When the temperature is low, theconformity to 7.6.3 shall be checked.11.6.4 Inspection prior togrouting(1) Before grouting starts, the inspection shallinclude:Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London SouthBank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy,(c) BSIPage 30ENV 13670-1:2000 preparation tests for groutconforming to EN 447:1996; ducts are open for grout through theirfull length and free of harmful materials, e.g. water, ice; ventsprepared and identified; equipment operational; materials arebatched and sufficient to allow for overflow; the results of anytrial grouting on representative ducts.(2) During grouting, theinspection shall include: conformity of the fresh grout tests(fluidity, segregation), see EN 447:1996; the characteristics ofthe equipment and of the grout; the actual pressures duringgrouting; order of blowing and washing operations; precautionstaken to keep ducts clear; order of grouting operations; actions inthe event of incidents and harmful climatic conditions; thelocation and details of any re-injection.11.7 Inspection of theconcreting operations(1) The inspection and testing of concretingoperations shall be planned, performed and documented inaccordancewith the inspection class, see table 3.(2) Basicinspection is the continual inspection of conformity and normalgood practice.Table 3 Requirements for planning, inspection anddocumentationSubject Inspection Class 1 Inspection Class 2Inspection Class 3Planning for inspection Inspectionplan,procedures andinstructions as specifiedActions in the event ofanon-conformity.Inspection plan,procedures andinstructions asspecified.Actions in the event of anon-conformity.Inspection Basicinspection. Basic and random detailedinspection.Detailed inspectionofeach casting.Documentation Records from all unusualevents.Allnon-conformities andcorrective action reports.All planningdocuments.Records from allinspections.All non-conformitiesandcorrective action reports.All planning documents.Records fromallinspections.All non-conformities andcorrective actionreports.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London SouthBank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy,(c) BSIPage 31ENV 13670-1:200011.8 Inspection of precast concreteelements11.8.1 General(1) Before installation, the existence ofadequate site conditions shall be verified by an initialinspection.NOTERecommendations for the initial site inspection aregiven in G.11.8.1 of annex G.11.8.2 Reception checks(1) An initialvisual inspection of the precast elements shall be carried outbefore unloading.(2) As soon as possible after delivery, theprecast elements shall be inspected for acceptance.NOTEGuidance oninspection is given in G.11.8 of annex G.11.9 Action in the eventof a non-conformity(1) Where inspection reveals a non-conformity,appropriate action shall be taken to ensure that thestructureremains fit for its intended purpose.NOTESee G.11.9 for furtherguidance.Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London SouthBank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy,(c) BSIPage 32ENV 13670-1:2000Annex A (informative):Guidance ondocumentationMain clause numbers mirror those in Section 4:DocumentationA.4.1 Project specification(1) The technicaldocumentation for concrete structures comprises:design calculationsfor individual members and the complete structure;a projectspecification.(2) The project specification comprises:(a)Construction drawings, giving all necessary information such asgeometry of the structure, amountand position of reinforcing andprestressing steel and for precast concrete elements, liftingdevices,weights, inserts, etc.(b) Description of all products to beused with any requirement for the application of the products.Thisinformation should be given on the drawings and/or in the workdescription.(c) Work description which is the document thatdescribes the inspection classes to be applied, anyspecialtolerance, requirements for the properties of surface finish etc.The work description should alsoinclude all requirements forexecution of the work, i.e. sequence of operations, temporarysupports, workprocedures etc.(d) Where relevant, an erectionspecification for precast concrete elements.(3) An erectionspecification for precast concrete elements comprises: installationdrawings consisting of plans and sections showing the positions andthe connections of theelements in the completed works; installationdata with the required in-situ material properties and inspections;installation instructions with the necessary data for the handling,storing, setting, adjusting, connectionand completion works (see9.4, 9.5 and 9.6).(4) Table A 1 gives a summary of the informationthat should be included into the project specification, asrelevant,to be in accordance with this prestandard.Licensed Copy: LondonSouth Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct 0609:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 33ENV13670-1:2000Table A 1 Checklist of information for inclusion in theproject specificationSection Clause Text1 Scope 1 (2) Specify anyadditional requirements for civil engineering works1 (3) Specifyspecific project requirements1 (7) State any requirements onconcrete members used as equipment forthe execution1 (10) State anyrequirements for special geotechnical works1 (11) Specifyrequirements related to health and safety1 (12) Specifyrequirements related to qualifications of personnel1 (13) Defineresponsibilities, where appropriate2. Normative references 2 (2)Add all relevant national standards or provisions valid attheconstruction site3 Definitions 3.9 Define the reference line forsetting out4 Documentation 4.1 (1) All necessary technicalinformation to be set out in the projectspecification4.1 (1)National provisions which need to be respected4.1 (2) Includeprocedure for altering project specification4.1 (2) Requirementsfor document distribution4.1 (3) State if quality plan isrequired4.2.2 (1) State if execution documentation is required5Falsework and formwork5.2 (2) Specify provisions for application ofrelease agents5.3(1) Specify construction programme and MethodStatement, if required5.4 (4) Specify any requirements for surfacefinish5.5.2 Specify any requirements for special formwork5.6 (1)Specify any requirements for special finishes or trial panels5.7.2(1) Requirements for filling temporary works inserts6 Reinforcement6.2 (1) Specify types of reinforcement6.2 (1) Specify provisionsfor reinforcing steel6.2 (3) Specify permitted types of anchoragesor couplers6.2 (3) Specify provisions for anchorage devices andcouplers6.3 (1) Provide cutting and bending schedules or identifythat this is a taskfor the constructor6.3 (1) Is bending attemperatures below 5C permitted and if so specifythe precautions tobe taken6.3 (1) State if bending by heating in permitted6.3 (4)Specify any requirements to straighten bent bars6.3 (5) Procedurefor straightening coils6.4.1 Provisions for welding ofreinforcement6.4 (4) Confirm that spot welding is permitted6.4 (5)State if welding of galvanised or epoxy coated bars is permitted.Ifso, specify the repair method.6.5 (1) Provisions for joints ofreinforcementLicensed Copy: London South Bank University, LondonSouth Bank University, Fri Oct 06 09:18:34 BST 2006, UncontrolledCopy, (c) BSIPage 34ENV 13670-1:20006.6 (1) Location ofreinforcements including the position of joints6.6 (1) Detaildrawings for congested reinforcement7 Prestressing 7.1 NOTE 2Documents approved by a competent authority7.2.1 (1) Approval ofpost-tensioning system7.2.2 (3) Provisions for casing sheaths7.2.3(2) State if alternatives to prestressing steel are permitted. Ifso, statewhich types and qualities7.2.5 (2) Description of tendonsupport7.4 (1) Provisions for assembling of prestressing tendons7.4(3) Specify if welding of pressure distribution spirals, anchorplates andspot welding of perforated plates is permitted7.5.1 (1)Locations of prestressing tendons7.6.1 (6) Actions to be taken whenaccuracy of elongation or tensioning forcecannot be achieved7.6.3(1) State if tensioning below 10C is permitted. If so specifyanyadditional precautions7.6.3 (1) Provisions for tensioning atambient temperatures below 10C7.6.3 (2) State any specialarrangements for tensioning at in-situ temperaturesbelow +5C7.7.5(1) Provisions for the mixing process of grouting if not conformingtoEN 446:1996 and EN 447:19967.7.5 (2) Provisions for the groutingif not conforming to EN 446:19967.7.5 (3) State if post-injectionis required8 Concreting 8.1 (1) Check that all the requiredconcrete properties have been specified8.3 (2) State if a trialcasting is required8.4 (2) State any additional limits for theconcrete surfaces8.5 (5) State if different curing periods areneeded8.5 (5) Provisions for translating percentage of compressivestrenght toperiods of time8.5 (6) State any restrictions for curingcompounds on concrete surfaces8.5 (8) State any requirements foraccelerated curing or cooling8.5 (8) State if higher peaktemperatures are acceptable8.6 (3) State any requirements toin-situ testing of hardened concrete. If so,specify the method oftest, its frequency and conformity criteria8.7 (1) Specify anyspecial execution methods8.7 (2) State any need to specifyprocedures for execution with specialconcretes9 Execution withprecastconcrete elements9.3 (1) State if site manufacturedcomponents shall conform to a productstandard. If so, specify thestandard.9.4.1 Specify handling , storage and protection9.5 (1)Requirements relating to placing and adjustment of precastelements9.6 In situ works required for completion9.6.2 (1)Detailing of in situ works9.6.2 (3) Specify appropriate materialsor coverings9.6.3 (1) Detailing of structural jointsLicensed Copy:London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Oct06 09:18:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPage 35ENV13670-1:20009.6.3 (2) Specify acceptable specific technologies9.6.3(3) Specify requirements to joints, inserts for joint connectionsandwelded structural connections10 Geometrical tolerances 10.1 (1)State any requirements related to aesthetics10.1 (2) Specify iftolerance class 2 applies10.1 (2) Specify of any of I/N tolerancesapply10.1 (4) Specify any special tolerances and the elements towhich they apply10.1 (5) State any requirements for surfaces withfull contact bearing10.1 (6) If sections are to be cast underwater, specify tolerances10.2 (3) State any requirements for thesecondary lines10.3 (1) Check need to specify tolerances for deepfoundations10.6 (2) Specify permitted plus-deviations forfoundations10.6 (2) State if a statistical evaluation of concretecover is permitted11 Inspection, correction 11.1 (4) Specifyinspection class and define who is responsible fortheinspection11.1 (4)NOTE:Specify provisions related to inspectionpersonnel11.2Table 1Define inspections and acceptance testing ofproducts without a CE-marking or third party certification11.2(1)Table 1Specify provisions relating to the inspection ofmaterials andproducts11.3Table 2Check if the scopes of theseinspections are adequate. If not giveadditional requirements11.7(1) Inspection class for concreting operations11.9 If requiredspecify more detailed actions in the event of a non-conformityAnnexA Documentation A 4.1 (2) Check if the project specification iscompleteA 4.1 (3) If erection specification is required, check ifit is completeAnnex B Falsework andformworkB 5.5.1 (1) Checkwhether the specified cover is to include allowance forsurfaceirregularitiesAnnex C Reinforcement C.6.3 (5) Provisions forrebending at the same pointAnnex D Prestressing D 7.7.3 (1) Checkthat the construction periods are adequateAnnex E Concreting E 8.3(6) Specify the ambient temperature above which precautions shouldbeplanned if not in national standards or provisions valid attheconstruction siteE 8.4 (9) Specify any requirements for directsurface finishesE 8.5 (1) Specify any additional requirements forthe curing and protection 153554b96e

https://www.putitnperspectv.com/forum/welcome-to-the-forum/kirk-franklin-hero-full-album-zip-hot

https://www.2ndlifelavender.com/forum/announcements-and-deals/qcs-2014-pdf-free-download-top

https://www.singlemomstravel.club/group/universal-studios/discussion/b59b0a5c-da6b-44ee-bedb-480ba48e0825